Grammar Presentation
Grammar Past perfect/3rd conditional
The past perfect refers to a particular point of time in the past.
Examples:
Alfred Hitchcock made many films.
(Past simple - he is dead and cannot make any more.)
Leonardo di Caprio has made many films.
(Present perfect - he is alive and will probably make more films.)
Marlon Brando had made many films by the time he was 40.
(Past perfect with a specific point of time as a reference)
_________
The 3rd Conditional
The 3rd conditional is used for things which are:
- in the past, and therefore impossible to change
- we use it to express regret
| If + | Past Perfect + | would have + | Past Participle |
| (continuous) | wouldn't have | ||
| If | I hadn't studied, I | wouldn't have | passed the exam. |
| If | I had seen him, I | would have | told him. |
| If | she hadn't gone out, she | wouldn't have | got sick. |
| If | John hadn't been driving, he | wouldn't have | got a fine. |
If the result is not sure, we can use: Would Probably, Might Have or Could Have
| If | I had studied, I | might have | passed the exam. |
| If | I had seen him, I | could have | told him. |
| If | she hadn't gone out, she | probably wouldn't have | got sick. |
| Would(n't) have + | Past Participle + | if + | Past Perfect |
| could/might have | (continuous) | ||
| I could have | passed the exam | if | I had studied. |
| I would have | told him | if | I had seen him. |
| She might have | gone to the party | if | she had known about it. |
| He wouldn't have | bought it, even | if | he had had the money. |
Note:
Sometimes the ‘IF’ clause is implied, but not spoken:
- He wouldn’t have said that. (if he had been there)
- I would have done it. (if you had asked me)
- I wouldn’t have let him get away with it. (if I had been there)
Exercise 1
Change the words in brackets into their correct form (answers are in the free download at the bottom of the page):
- If you ______________ interrupting me the whole time, I would have enjoyed the movie. (be)
- If I had had your number, I _____________________ you. (phone)
- They _____________________ that route if they had known that there were road works. (take)
- I wouldn’t have booked that holiday if I ______________ there was a cheaper deal. (know)
- If I _________________ my job, I wouldn’t have moved to London. (lose)
- I ________________ used Groupon if I had known that it existed. (have)
- If I had seen the weather forecast, I _________________ an umbrella. (pack)
- If the weather ________________better yesterday, I would have gone for a swim. (be)
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with a third conditional in your own words.
- ….. I would have been happier
- If I had been born in the 19th century…..
- If I had been an only child…..
- …..the world would have been a better place.
- If Superman had been a girl….
- If the 2nd World War hadn’t happened….
- …..I would have been a supermodel.
- …..I wouldn’t have got an education.
Exercise 3
Write down the 5 regrets that you have. Take turns telling the other students about yourregrets, while the other students have to reassure you by giving possible worse consequences.
e.g. Person A: "If I had spent more time training, I could have become an Olympic swimmer."
Person B: "If you had spent more time swimming, you might have drowned in the pool."
Exercise 4
Give the students a scenario where something has gone wrong. They have to blame each other for what happened (get them to do this exercise in pairs).
e.g. You locked yourselves out of the house.
If you had reminded me to take my keys, we wouldn’t be stuck outside.
If you hadn’t been in such a rush, I wouldn’t have run out in such a hurry.
If you had put the keys where they should have been, I would have seen them. etc etc
Possible scenarios:
You can’t remember where you parked your car.
You got lost.
You missed the sales.
You overslept.
You failed an exam.
_____________
Speaking and reading: Cross Cultural Etiquette: Quiz and comprehension activity
Homework: Watch the youtube video 25 Cultural Faux Pas You Don't Want to Commit Whilst Travelling
For homework write a story imagining that you have made one or more of these mistakes. Use the past perfect
For homework write a story imagining that you have made one or more of these mistakes. Use the past perfect
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